Poverty Of The United States - 1139 Words

Genna Stott Mrs. Weekman Honors English II- 6 April 29, 2016 Poverty in America Imagine yourself trapped inside a storm that never seems to end. Where do you go? Who do you turn to for help? Poverty is often described as an endless cycle, struggled with by many, and something parents strive to withhold from their children. In 2014, about 47 million people lived in poverty in the United States (Poverty 1). This means 15 percent of America lives in a constant state of need (Poverty 1). These people have become resented by society and caring for them is viewed as an annoyance. In a country recognized as one of the wealthiest in the world, no one’s needs should be ignored, and†¦show more content†¦On the other side of the country, in California, Michelle Carter strains to take care of her 3 boys. Michelle uses the few food stamps she is given to provide dinner for her boys, but relies on their school to supply them with breakfast and lunch (Facing). The number of families like Desiree’s and Michelle’s r eaches into the hundred thousands, but some Americans do not even know they exist. If the state of hardship continues for long enough, it can take a toll on the mental health of the individual. Some families have to decide if they will get help for the mental condition of their child or if they will pay rent (Joey). In a poem about mental health and poverty, Neil Hilborn speaks about one of his childhood friends, â€Å" We both had parents who believed us when we said we weren t ok, but mine could afford to do something about it.† A young mother’s daughter struggles with a mental disorder and in order to get her help the mother has to use government money. The problem with this government assistance is that once the recipient of the money gets a job, the money stops being provided (Fessler 3). Studies have shown that, â€Å"suicide and mental illness rates are directly related to poverty and unemployment rates† (Poverty). In recent years, 6.6 percent of people b elow the poverty line have a serious mental illness and the number of those people is increasing (Levine 4). These facts should stir the American people to action against

Oedipus Rex vs. Hamlet Free Essays

string(55) " Claudius came from the broken trust between brothers\." A snake, which weaves itself throughout the veins of a family, spews its fatal venom into capillaries and infecting the soul. The poison of betrayal, despair and the disease of the psyches cloud the mind in both Oedipus Rex and Hamlet. In both instances, all characters fall victim to a shattered world, ripped apart by failed expectancies. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex vs. Hamlet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prince Hamlet and King Oedipus both watch as their families become dismembered. There was a pattern of ideals that were violated and corrupt, progressing the plays’ actions. The helping hands which aided the unraveling of their lives were perverted concepts, everyday characteristics needed to lead a sane life. These corrupt philosophies which color the pages of these plays touch on the ideals of cursed love, crumbled loyalty, a broken family and the virtue of suffering; all of which aid in the destined doom of the characters. Love is golden, pure. It’s the saving grace which sheds light in the darkest of nights. But in our main characters’ stories, it’s part of their downfall. In both novels, love is one of the threads that are snapped. The tainted, incestuous love of Jocasta and Oedipus Rex helped to prove the prophecy true. It was essentially a mockery of what love is, for they believed it to be true but in the end what they really felt was the love of a mother to her son. Teiresias lays the first seed of their crime, crying to him, â€Å"I say thou livest with thy nearest kin in infamy, unwitting in thy shame. † As the truth unfolds and the couple begins to realize the depth of their sins, the love which they once knew morphs into an ugly, distorted perversion. It resulted in Jocasta’s suicide and Oedipus’s loss of sanity. The revolting reality that the truth posed was too much for the characters to rationalize. In the case of Hamlet, Ophelia’s rejection only added to the deep depression that already colored the Prince’s mind. Hamlet’s spurned desire caused him to alienate Ophelia, leaving him lonelier and believing that there was no one there for him. As he was contemplating suicide, he includes the â€Å"pangs of despised love† as one of the wounds that ravage his mind. Our Prince is angered by Ophelia’s rejection and unleashes his wrath on her, accusing that â€Å"God has given you one face and you make yourselves another. You jig and amble, and you lisp, you nickname God’s creatures and make your wantonness your ignorance. † His isolation and cruelty left Ophelia reeling and despairing, thus ending with the taking of her own life. Another instance of â€Å"incest† was between Claudius and Gertrude. The taboo of their relationship brought about Gertrude’s death and added to Hamlet’s reasons for avenging his father by murdering Claudius. When the cement bonds of family are crushed and ground into dirt, it could cause one to question their life, their worth. All they’ve known vanishes. Family is the stoic rock that is supposed to support you, be there for you in times of need. As Oedipus inadvertently betrays himself and his family, he spells out the demise of his blood line and all others involved. His family becomes a perversion of what a true one should be, spawned out of betrayal and sin. His realization of his broken family snaps his sanity, crying out, â€Å"Then had I never come to shed my father’s blood nor climbed my mother’s bed; the monstrous offspring of a womb defiled, co-mate of him who gendered me, and child. Was ever man before afflicted thus, like Oedipus? because of the God’s will, he kills his own father and sleeps with his mother. He’s fulfilling the prophecy and his destiny, committing taboos that will end up ripping apart the seams of his rational mind. The betrayal of Jocasta and Laius helped the story to progress as well. If they’d never abandoned their newborn son for death, Oedipus might have avoided ign orantly sleeping with his mother and carelessly murdering his father. The cursed King also broke the trust of his people. He alone was the cause of the plague that claimed so many innocent citizens of Thebes. Oedipus only wasted time and effort trying to search for the culprit when it was he who was the villain, accusing the innocent of treachery and pointing his finger at all the wrong places. The lover’s tryst between Ophelia and Hamlet could be categorized as betrayal as well as spurned love. Hamlet looked to the woman he loved for support in his dark time, but she refused him and sent him away at the advice of her father. He illustrates his sense of deception when he says, â€Å"Ay, truly, for the power of beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd than the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness. This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. I did love you once. † The advice Ophelia received from Polonius to stop seeing Hamlet made the Prince believe that she was just a whore, playing with his emotions. The relationship of Gertrude and Polonius also created a sense of disloyalty for Hamlet. The Queen hardly endured the mourning period of her late husband before diving into bed with King Hamlet’s murderer. Hamlet formulated a distrust for women as a result of his mother’s actions, lashing out at Ophelia exclaiming, â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest, but yet I could accuse me of such things that it were better my mother had not borne me. † Once Hamlet learned that his mother was not only sleeping with the King’s brother, but his murderer as well, the knife of disloyalty cut even deeper. Revenge then began to taint his mind with the realization of this great betrayal. But, the driving force behind the thirst for the death of Claudius came from the broken trust between brothers. You read "Oedipus Rex vs. Hamlet" in category "Papers" As Claudius poured the venom into King Hamlet’s ear, it sealed his own death. In both Hamlet and Oedipus Rex, the drama revolves around a broken and disjointed family. Your relatives are those you trust, a net to catch you from any treacherous fall. Oedipus tears apart his family as he taints it with murder and incest, incurring his madness and his parent’s demise. He knows that because of his dark deeds, he has set a life for his daughters in which they’ll always be haunted by his actions. His knowledge of this sin makes him spurn himself, â€Å"Their father slew his father, sowed the seed where he himself was gendered, and begat these maidens at the source wherefrom he sprang. Jocasta and Laius also aided in the destruction of their family’s foundation when they tried to kill their own son. Oedipus narrates this when he claims, â€Å"No, let me be a dweller on the hills, on yonder mount Cithaeron, famed as mine, my tomb predestined for me by my sire and mother, while they lived, that I may die slain as they sought to slay me, when aliv e. † But, destiny won out and punished them for their cruelty, for the prophecy was still fulfilled. In the case of Hamlet, Claudius takes a sledgehammer to the Royal family of Denmark when he kills his own brother. This action was the spark which ignited the flame that would engulf the entire family. The Ghost of King Hamlet exposes the treachery of his brother, revealing â€Å"But know, thou noble youth, the serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown. † The loss of his father was the initiating action that commenced Hamlet’s depression and the discovery of Claudius’s role spurs him to consider murdering Claudius. When Hamlet finally avenges his father, he makes his uncle’s broken brotherhood known, â€Å"Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother. † Another family wrecked in the play was Polonius’s family. As a conspirator to Claudius, he received his karma when Hamlet killed him. His action brought down his children as well. He convinced Ophelia to disregard Hamlet’s advances, thus incurring the Prince’s loathing for her and making her commit suicide. Claudius convinced Laertes that Hamlet was sick in the mind, dangerous, and the cause for the death of his family. The actions of the two men brought down this second family, as Polonius’s children were lured into the deceiving web of lies which they had spun. Like the venom poured into King Hamlet’s ear, another type of poison seethed into the minds of our plays’ characters. These doomed persons both endured torturous suffering of the mind and the heart. In Oedipus Rex, Jocasta couldn’t bear the knowledge of the terrible sins she had committed. In her last despairing words, she cries â€Å"O woe is thee, poor wretch! With that last word I leave thee, henceforth silent evermore. † Oedipus couldn’t stomach his own tainted self and whatever was left of his corrupted family. His plea cries for blindness, to blacken all that is sinful, â€Å"Dark, dark! The horror of darkness, like a shroud, wraps me and bears me on through mist and cloud. Ah me, ah me! What spasms athwart me shoot, what pangs of agonizing memory? † But no matter what he does, he cannot escape his sins, even as he stabs his eyes. The suffering of these characters, brought on by the knowledge of what they had committed, was the ultimate weapon which ended them. Our Prince Hamlet was inflicted with the disease of the mind, depression. It lingered in the corners of his mind, a black cloud which fostered his dark thoughts and wishes to avenge his father and all who has wronged him. Hamlet also questions the validity of living, whether it was worth it. â€Å"To be or not to be? † To live or not to live? He’s outlining his depression in that soliloquy, debating â€Å"whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune or to take to arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing end them. † He paints the image of his tired mind set, for â€Å"who would be the whips and scorns of time? There is also poor Ophelia, who has cracked underneath her ex-love’s cruel words. â€Å"Well, God’ield you! † She cries in her insanity, â€Å"They say the owl was a baker’s daughter. Lord, we know what we are, but know not what we may be. God be at your table. † She cries her nonsensical words, demonstrating her fragile state of mind. She ult imately becomes so haunted by the stinging words of Hamlet that she cannot bear her life any longer, thus drowning herself. Both of these characters’ sufferings gave rise to their final death. In the works of Oedipus Rex and Hamlet, the main characters all suffer a tragic end. It’s the themes that permeate the pages which causes their ultimate doom. When a chain of events are set into motion, un-foretold consequences may lurk behind. And so those consequences begin to taint the concepts that we all inherently rely on for a happy life. As human beings, we strive to attain love, to be accepted into one’s heart and to do the same. Accompanying love is the expectancy of fidelity. When Prince Hamlet witnessed the countless deceptions, he lost faith in his fellow man. Also family, in which there are ties that are stronger than ever, is expected to remain truthful and just to their relationships but this is violated in both plays. As a result, the violation of all the expected concepts brings about the plague of despair that infects one’s mind. At the realization that life isn’t living up to what they hoped for, questions of existence arise. And so these ideals of cursed love, crumbled loyalty, a broken family and the virtue of suffering all spelled out the imminent demise of our poor characters. How to cite Oedipus Rex vs. Hamlet, Papers

House On Mango Street Essay Prompts Example For Students

House On Mango Street Essay Prompts Esperanza is torn between deciding whether she wants to escape MangoStreet. She is embarrassed by the superficial appearance of her identity,but appreciates her roots. Her house is a wreck and the neighborhood,probably not much better off. However, she has loving family and friends. Although marriage has caused the suffering of many of the women in herneighborhood, she realizes that she needs men to fulfill the new desiresshe attains as she hits adolescence. Through the novel, Esperanza matures both physically and mentally. Thefirst thing that struck me about this novel was that the chapters werevery short. I realized that the narrator is young and has a shortattention span, judging from her fragmented observations. However,Esperanza begins to mature and to develop a desire for men. While shesenses that many women are caged by men, they cannot be truly freewithout them. Most of the women Esperanza knows on Mango Street are either trapped intheir marriages or tied down by their children. For example,Esperanzas grandmother. Esperanza does not want to inherit her placeby the window. She neither likes what she has already inherited fromher grandmother her name. Esperanza plays with words when she firstexpresses her dissatisfaction with her name. She says that in Spanish,her name means too many letters. It means sadness from the oppositeof esperar, which is desesperarse, it means waiting from the verbesperar. She settles on changing her name to Zeze the X. AsEsperanza observes, the Mexicans and the Chinese do not want theirwomen to be strong like horses. Esperanza hopes for a different future. Although she likes to sleep near her mothers hair, the noveleventually reveals that she wants to escape Mango Street. Clearly,Esperanzas name suits her; she has hope. In House on Mango Street, Cisneros constantly reminds the reader not tojudge a book by its cover. The idea of a dirty outside but appealinginside is prevalent at many levels the neighborhood, the householdand the individual. Cathy, Esperanzas first friend in theneighborhood, tells Esperanza that her family is moving because theneighborhood is getting bad, because of the many immigrants likeEsperanzas family beginning to move in. Cathy says that Lucy andRachel, who Esperanza eventually befriends, smell like a broom. Hermentioning her distant relation to the queen of France makes her seemvery pretentious. In reality, she is not much better off economicallyfrom the rest of the neighborhood. In her house, The floors slant(21). There are no closets and the steps are all lopsided andjutting like crooked teeth (22). At the household level, Esperanza is ashamed by her house that hascrumbling bricks, only one washroom and paint peeling (4). However, in the second chapter, Hairs, Esperanza writes about whatis inside the house on Mango Street: her mother holding her,making her feel safe and the warm smell of bread before you bakeit. Similarly, first impressions of individuals in the novel are based onexternal factors: race, gender, and perhaps their name. Meme and hisdog each having two names highlights the neighborhoods two cultures:Hispanic and American, and two languages: Spanish and English. Esperanza points out that everyone in the neighborhood is all brownall around, suggesting that what makes people feel safe is beingaround others who are of the same race. Esperanza is afraid to talk tothe owner, perhaps because he is a black man. The second factor that causes Esperanza to experience difficulty indeciding whether she wants to leave Mango Street is her physically andmentally maturing simultaneously. She is old enough to realize thatthere is much in the world to explore other than one, her house andtwo, her neighborhood. Esperanza points out that you dont pick yoursisters (8). She then proceeds to say that someday she will have abest friend who she can tell her secrets to (9) and who willunderstand her jokes without her having to explain them. Until then,she is a red balloon, a balloon tied to an anchor (9). Later, sherealizes that Nenny, her sister, and her are more alike than youwould know (19). In Laughter, Esperanza points out that a houselooks like Mexico. Rachel and Lucy look at her like she iscrazy, but Nenny was thinking the exact same thing. Her own sistersometimes understands Esperanza better than her friends do. .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec , .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .postImageUrl , .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec , .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec:hover , .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec:visited , .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec:active { border:0!important; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec:active , .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua52b5f0dda8e27c7bed8abc59c22f8ec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Cold Blood EssayMost of the wives in the neighborhood are discontent with theirmarriages. While many want to escape their husbands, Marin issearching for one. Marin waits for a car to stop, a star to fall,someone to change her life. Esperanza faces a dilemma: she cannothave relationships with men unless she is married (and marriage hascaused most of the problems the women on Mango Street face). She mustchoose between sex and freedom.

Whats Wrong With The Military Budget Essays - Arms Trafficking

What's Wrong With The Military Budget Jerry Batorski English II Honors What's Wrong With The Military Budget? ?The cold war is over so we don't need to spend so much money on the military,? many people say after the military budget grows each year. That is an understandable statement to say, backed with much evidence of misuse in the government. Money in the military is sometimes used on useless things that just cost an incredible amount, but serve no practical use. The budget needs to cut back in certain areas such as buying new weapons and researching new weapon technologies. The current military budget is approximately $291 billion dollars and that is not even enough to satisfy what the military requests, which is $305 billion dollars(http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/ef/dodbud01.html). The fact that the new President is increasing the military budget, by some 3 billion dollars and more to come later in his presidency, is almost shocking(CNN News). The military does not need more money, as much as they need to reallocate the money they are currently spending. For instance plans are being drawn up to update out dated weapons with new technologically superior ones. These include buying close to 1,200 RAH-66 Comanche attack helicopters at a cost of $48 billion and 339 F-22's at a cost of $63.8 billion (the stealth technology that makes these planes so expensive will be out of date in a few years)( http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). A self-propelled howitzer, the Crusader, is being developed at a cost of $13 billion and when development is co mplete the army plans to purchase 440 of them at an unknown price(http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). The president has requested $4.377 billion for fiscal year 2001 for the CVN-77 Nimitz class carrier, being the eighth one in our Navy's fleet(http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). To add to the carriers construction, a small fleet has to be built to protect it, the ships included are several cruisers and destroyers and often an attack submarine, plus other refueling and maintenance ships. Another attack submarine is being built at a cost of $13.1 billion, in order to preserve submarine manufacturing skills at Groton, CT(http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). Lastly, the LHD-8 Wasp Class Helicopter Carrier will begin construction this year for $1.5 billion(http://www.clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). The numbers and money involved are overwhelming, but do we really need all this? We currently have the most powerful military force in the world with the most technologically advanced weaponry. So why are we spending even more money to improve our forces? Most of its politics, adding to the pork they say in Washington. Pork is a term in which military projects are assigned to private weapon developers so that they will create many jobs in the surrounding communities. In turn those weapon developers contribute vast amounts of money to the political campaigns of the congress people who voted for bills that would give contracts to them. If the Military would cut back in unnecessary usage of the budget, that extra money can be spent elsewhere, in places that will benefit the taxpayer. This money could be put into social programs such as social security, education, and health care. The defense industry's defense is that many jobs would be lost if such massive contracts weren't around. But the truth is if the money were to be reinvested in education and health care those jobs wouldn't be lost, but instead recreated in other more important and more productive fields. Another reason for the cut in the military's budget is to promote peace and not war. Currently billions of dollars are spent on weapons of destruction. How does this promote peace? It only provokes it. True our nations superior militaristic capabilities deter some countries from attacking, with the fear of not standing a chance against us. And so this brings peace, but what sort of peace is this. Resentment grows in countries that have no chance in battle with the USA. This sort of peace is what I call instilling sheer fear in our enemies. This creates resentment, fueling radicals that can do damage to our country in non-orthodox ways, such as terrorist acts. What our country should do is spend more time on the diplomatic tables, preventing wars from happening in the first place and not just stepping in once they happen. This would

Cnm Papers

Cnm Papers Cnm Papers David Henry Garcia 010468805 What were the causes of the civil war? Before taking this class I would not have been able to tell you the actual reasons why the civil war was fought. If you were to ask me before today I would have said it was to free the slaves. But after some good research and the in class lectures I would now be able to tell you the civil war was fought because of an inability to be open minded and to think on a broader more futuristic approach to the bettering of a United States. They picked a side based upon their upbringing, beliefs, and an understanding of their personal moral belief structure. It comes down to what we all as modern day Americans know we have, RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS. Had this war not been fought to preserve these ideals of individual human rights and the freedom to live and let live, I would hate to imagine the America we would live in today. If you want to start a great debate ask the question of the topic of this narrative. I have come to that conclusion, because explaining the causes of the civil war is NOT easy. There was tariffs on exports, state versus federal rights, succession, abolitionist movements, Abraham Lincolns election, economic and social issues, and lastly slavery issues. I may not cover all these topics thoroughly but I will try to touch base on all them. The southern states were worried about losing there rights as the federal government was putting in place laws that the south thought was problematic to their economic and social future. Putting in place Tariffs that were making it impossible for the south to make a decent living selling their products overseas. With the federal government pushing for these laws, the south agreed that succession would be the best way for them to protect their standard of living as they knew it. The federal government didn't want the hard work of creating a united country to dissipate thus a creation of a law that made succession illegal was put in place. To fight this, the seceding states utilized the nullification act which means that the federal law has no jurisdiction over the states, when the states think the law is unconstitutional. In the end the supreme court under the "Supremacy Clause" makes the final ruling over the decision of nullification. "Article III of the Constitution" clearly stated that federal law is superior to state law, federal judiciary has the final power to interpret the Constitution. With the abolitionists working to free the slaves, the idea of westward expansion was being pushed aside until the issue of slavery was taken care of. I personally don't think that slavery is right so why would anyone else think that it is okay is beyond my understanding, but then again were talking hundreds of years before my time. But if these people had not have taken a stand against the immortality that was so easily accepted at that time, the problem would have spread

Big Cities Vs Small Towns Cultural Studies Essay

Big Cities Vs Small Towns Cultural Studies Essay When speaking to an individual of experience, possibly an explorer or an elder, someone may be informed about the way people from particular towns behave. Such as, ‘people from big cities are always in rush’ or ‘citizens from smaller towns are friendlier’. As John Jake states, â€Å"The big city and small town have been stereotyped in the American experience as being at opposite ends of an imagined social gradient–the former more a place of cold impersonality in social relations and the latter more a place of warm personalized community. Assumptions about urban-based â€Å"mass society† largely blinded Americans through the twentieth century to the existence of, and importance of, locality-based community in big cities. Early in the century, most urban Americans emigrated from rural and small town circumstances, bringing to the nation’s cities strong rural and small town proclivities at neighboring. Both central city working-class neig hborhoods and affluent suburbs mirrored the small town.†(Jakle,1) But, for someone born, raised and living in that small town, these differences may seem clearly an opinion, and perhaps some distinctions are. So why, then do so many people prefer one type of life style over the other? Specific characteristics such as economics, population, crime rate, traffic, city planning and also architecture, differentiate one region from the next. In order to form an opinion, one must analyze two towns on opposing ends of the spectrum. By comparing two towns: a small town, and also a busy suburb, the differences in the characteristics of citizens, the city, and their daily life, make it seem as though small towns and big cities are practically from different countries. As John Jake confirms, â€Å"America’s small towns and big cities occupy opposite ends of an urban spectrum. Early in the twentieth century, commentators on American life clearly differentiated towns and cities as s ocially different–the two kinds of place sustaining very different ways of life.†(Jakle,1) In a small town, at first one might notice the appearance. It is not generally uncommon to see an assorted crew of soiled young children come running into the neighborhood supermarket without shirts or shoes and buy candy. The cashier, rather than ushering the inadequately clothed children out the door, asks them how their parents have been, they just so happen to live next door. This sort of incident would not go over so well in a big city. The same young children would have been asked to leave and later admonished by their parents for going out in public looking so disarrayed. For example, in a Clockwork Orange a young fifteen-year-old boy known only by the name of Alex is the antihero. Alex and his three â€Å"droogs† are a gang of youngsters who goes around in the dangerous streets of London, fighting, raping, pillaging, and all the basic doings generally associated wit h anarchy. In a small town, this would be less likely to happen. Overalls, dirty jeans and hats are not uncommon apparel for citizens out running errands and are almost a necessity for the distinguished elderly man. Aside from the readily differences, citizens of small towns seem to have contrasting personality traits as well. Take the scene of a crowded store during the holidays, for instance. In a busy, crowded big city, a shopper with a cart overflowing with items in the checkout lane would simply be focused on checking out and planning on where they need to go next. However in a small sleepy town, that same shopper may check to see if the person just behind them, with only a couple of items, might want to go ahead. Then, possibly even strike up a conversation with a total stranger. As John Jake explains, † To Simmel, large cities overloaded residents with social stimuli, producing in people defensive behaviors both patterned and regularized. The urban personality was reser ved and detached. Contact person-to-person in the city might be face-to-face, but even those encounters tended to the impersonal, the superficial, and the transitory (Wirth 1938). The metropolis was seen as a mass of separate individuals variously practicing social avoidance, especially in public spaces. City streets were seen as cold and unfriendly (Gross 1965). Small towns, on the other hand, with limited populations interacting in limited geographical areas, tended not to produce social overload. There, people could personalize relationships, even the cursory spontaneities of chance encounter in public space. Small town streets were warm and friendly. The idealized small town was likened to a nurturing extended family, whereas the city was made out to be a place of alienated individuals (Smith 1966).†(Jakle,1) Another strange exception happens to be a relative disregard for locking the doors at night or even at all. This such behavior is unheard of in the big cities of larg er towns. In small towns neighbors have a tendency to look out for the good of the neighborhood, and are always cautious, but with such low crime occurrences, such preventative measures as door-locking are not required.

Sequel to Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw Essay

Sequel to Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw - Essay Example The play commence when Mrs. Eynsford Hill with her daughter, Clara, wait for her son, Freddy to hail a taxi raining weather. Freddy notices the flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, selling a flower that had fallen down and paid for by a mother and a son to a man (Shaw, 8). Henry Higgins, a phonetician was taking notes in a phonetic script on the conversation Eliza had. The gentleman Eliza had propositioned names himself as Colonel Pickering to Higgins. The note taker gives Eliza a handful of coins and later part together for a dinner. Eliza visits Higgins and Pickering in a laboratory the subsequent morning. She surprises the two phoneticians by asking for an English lesson (Shaw, 59). Pickering challenges Higgins that he cannot convert Eliza into a compelling duchess in 6 months. Later, Eliza sits for her first public test that occurs at Higgins mother’s dwelling (Shaw, 59). Higgins finds out that Eliza still required serious training when she narrated an off-color tale about her re latives to the visitors. After six months, Higgins and Pickering take Eliza to an Embassy ball. Eliza’s exceptional speech and the beauty she presents make the Ambassador’s wife blissful.... Doolittle to his wedding. Later Eliza launches a florist shop after a colorful wedding. Pickering becomes the financial assistance of the florist shop. Sequel to Pygmalion The main theme seen in the sequence to Pygmalion is romance that takes the core part when evaluating the play. The details that wind up the play are summarized to ensure that indolent readers do not get the wrong ending intentions he puts across. The main thing he wants to ensure that his anticipated romance is not misinterpreted as a cliche. Problem The act of Eliza refusing to marry Higgins is insisted by Shaw (Shaw, 92). Eliza believes that she was still young and attractive; hence had no pressure to marry anyone. She believes that Higgins is domineering and insensitive, though He was rich and competent of sustaining her, Shaw shows that the high principles set by Higgins mother; Mrs. Higgins makes Eliza unlikely to marry him (Shaw, 92). Another aspect is that he had passions in his life that exceeded the zeal f or sex, which clearly shows the difficulty of Eliza getting married to him. The fact that Freddy continued to assert his scale of love he had her for Eliza on a daily basis made him think that Higgins will never worship and humble himself before her. In his play, Shaw shows how it is common for stronger individuals to look for weak partners for a hand in marriage (Shaw, 92). He explains the boredom that exists amid two similar partners having the same characteristics and ability living together. Shaw ends by giving a synopsis of the beginning of Freddy and Eliza lives together and concluding that Freddy was more attractive than Higgins. This is an aspect that influences Eliza to love Freddy more than Higgins. At the beginning of their matrimony life, Shaw manages to depict the financial

Chipotle Mexican Grill in Japan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chipotle Mexican Grill in Japan - Assignment Example However, over-regulation continues to restrain the economic growth and slows down the investment. To overcome this Chipotle must come up with a strategy that will make the market more accessible. Many governments continue to intervene in the trade and Japan is no exception. Tariffs, subsidies, and currency controls are some of the policies that chipotle has to put into consideration. Chipotle must sign a legal contract with the government of Japan through the law applicable to the contract, stating precisely the obligations and the methods of running the business (Yoshitomi, 6). With the high advancement of technology in Japan, many fast food shops have adopted a method where customers buy tickets for the food they want over the counter. Chipotle uses this method in all our restaurants and this will work to their advantage. The political environment is conducive since the country is politically stable and policies for foreign investments have already been put into place. In such a stable environment, Chipotle will definitely thrive in

Holy The Firm by Annie Dillard Essay Example for Free

Holy The Firm by Annie Dillard Essay ​â€Å"Death of a Moth† is a short essay from the author, Annie Dillard, called Holy the Firm, and also one of her most personal essay that she’s ever written. It is about the burning moths, her belief in God, and acceptance of her faith to being a writer. She uses the death of the moths to tell us nature’s cycle of life. Everything is the same, human and animal, life and death. In the end, they will all end up like the moth being burned up by candle light. ​In the essay of Annie Dillard, Death of a Moth, she writes about a woman who lives alone on Northern Puget South in Washington State, with one enormous window, one cat, and one spider(2). She has a flashback about two summers ago when she tried to run away from society to read and write her book, To Mountain. She tries to find herself to becoming a writer. She wants to leave the world behind and enjoy herself alongside animal and nature. She sees a moth landing on her candle light and gets burnt. She, then, describes the moth in such realistic ways which remind the readers about nature’s cycle of life. As she looks at the moth, she falls asleep. ​In the essay, the author has mentioned in her class about â€Å"you must go at your life with a broadax† (10). In theory, a broadax is a weapon or a tool used to chop down trees. At this point, Annie wants to explain to her class if you want to be something or get something in your life, you have to be willing to overcome anything to be able to get what you want. Your life is like a battle. When in battle, you need to equip yourself with a broadax, and be prepared to fight and struggle. In addition, it also shows you are willing to hack down at anything standing in your way. In practice, students also face the same situation. They try their best to overcome obstacles teachers give them to be able to pass their classes. ​In â€Å"Death of a Moth† essay, Annie Dillard tells us about nature’s cycle of life. Everything will have the same ending, being born, living for a certain period of time, and then dying. The same as the moths or ephemera stabs by fire. George has mentioned about significance of butterfly to her moths essay by posting his post on bookcritics.org(5). I would say that butterfly is the most beautiful insect I have even known. To be obtaining this beauty, it also has suffered so many miseries. It has to endured ninety months to a year in a cocoon, then it breaks pupa without any help, and transforms to a beautiful butterfly. The pity is it only lives for 3 days or a month, depending on what type it is. From the butterfly example, effort is what we can’t lack in our life. If we live without any obstacles, we will never learn or become stronger like a butterfly’s ability to break cocoon and fly up high. ​It can be seen that Annie Dillard is focusing more about the nature’s cycle life and also, expressing her effort to being a writer. She uses the moths as an example to describe her idea about nature to the readers, which is accept faith and move on with your life. In my own opinion, I would recommend or love to hear the significance of butterfly in her moth essay than reading about the moth being burned by the candle light. It was not a waste of time to write an essay about a moth, but replacing the moth to a more gracious creature like a butterfl y would better capture the audience.

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

Global Warming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two issues that worry many scientists are global warming and the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps the earth at temperatures that are livable. What does the greenhouse effect have to do with global warming? When humans release gases into the air, the greenhouse effect will alter the temperature of the earth. More gases in the atmosphere means the earth will start to get warmer, and the result is global warming. On the other hand, if there was no greenhouse effect, the earth would be too cold for humans to comfortably exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to talk about global warming, we must first learn what causes the greenhouse effect. The three most common greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. Many of the sun’s rays are absorbed by water vapor. Water vapor is a natural atmospheric gas and it accounts for â€Å"80 percent of natural greenhouse warming; the remaining 20 percent is due to other gasses that are present in very small amounts† (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 488). A greenhouse gas known as carbon dioxide is the second biggest absorber of the sun’s heat rays. Humans affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in many ways. Every time fossil fuels are burned, more carbon dioxide is released into the air. Car exhaust emissions also increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the air, and more carbon dioxide means more heat rays being absorbed. This will cause the earth’s temperature to warm. Another greenhouse gas is methane. â€Å"Methane absorbs infrared radiation 25 times more effectively than carbon dioxide, making it an important greenhouse gas despite its relatively low concentration† (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490). Many studies have been performed on how methane is released into the atmosphere. Results have shown that methane is â€Å"generated by biological activity related to rice cultivation, leaks in domestic and industrial gas lines, and the digestive process of domestic livestock, especially cattle† (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490). The Environmental Media Services Organization has found that the greenhouse effect â€Å"could drive temperatures up as much as 6 degrees by the year 2100 – an increase in heat comparable to the 10 degree warming that ended the last ice age† (Fast Facts). If a 10-degree warming was the factor that ended the last ice age, imagine what a... ...bal warming process has started, it is very hard to reverse it. Global warming temperatures grow exponentially and we will have to create an answer for global warming sooner than people think. I don’t know how to start the process of burning less fossil fuels. All I know is global warming has to be stopped if we want to keep living the way we do now. If it isn’t stopped, the problems discussed in this paper will only get bigger and bigger and the ending result will ultimately be death. Works Cited â€Å"Campaign to Stop Global Warming.† State PIRGs (public interest research groups) Working Together. Mar. 2006. 4 Oct. 2007 http://www.pirg.org/enviro/global_w/fact.html. â€Å"Fast Facts.† Environmental Media Services. 10 July 2006. 23 Oct. 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.ems.org/climate/sub2_climate.html. Murck, Barbara W., Brian J. Skinner, and Stephen C. Porter. Environmental Geology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. 488-490. â€Å"The Planet Speaks.† The Wilson Quarterly 25.4 (Autumn 2006): 124. â€Å"To Save Lives, Give Global Warming the Same Priority As Biological Weapons, Says WWF.† WWF Global Network. 5 Nov. 1998. 27 Nov. 2006 http://www.panda.org/news/press/news.cfm?id=158.

Marketing Situational Analysis Essay Essay

The following essay is a situation analysis of the macro-environment for a Melbourne based Australian phone cover manufacturing organisation, called Kind. Kind creates a range of covers for all types of mobile phones which are recyclable, biodegradable and trendy. Kind conducts their own research, development, design and manufacture. The organisation was founded by a group of generation Y, tech savvy and environmentally conscious people who saw an opportunity to create accessories in an industry considered to be consumerist. A view supported by Downie and Glazebrook (2007), â€Å"Mobile phones have been described as the ultimate example of consumerism.†(p. 1). Kind’s idea for their latest range of covers specifically include hypo colour, (cover changes colour when activated by heating or cooling through personal touch), mood sensitive covers (cover changes colour relative to the emotion being felt by the person), and gel moulded covers with finger grips. They believe their value proposition is to provide a range of products that offer their customers socially responsible fun, feelings and functionality by being a customer-centred company. The following discussion under the sub-headings will analyse the six components of the mobile phone industry macro-environment specifically identifying trends that may impact Kind’s target market, marketing-mix and planned marketing strategies. Demographic â€Å"The demographic environment shows a changing age structure in the population, changing family patterns, geographic population shifts, a better-educated and more-white-collar population, and increasing ethnic diversity.†, (Kotler, Brown, Adam, Burton & Armstrong, 2010, p. 160). This holds true for Kind’s market in Australia with the population ageing, birth rates falling and increased life expectancy, older people are predicted to outnumber younger people by 2050. This may pose a potential threat to Kind’s target market in that there will be greater competition for customers entering the market or more creativity required to find new markets. Kind may need to expand their product range to cater for the older generations with covers that address issues like restricted mobility and loss of coordination from conditions such as arthritis. Reinforced by Kotler, et al., (2010) â€Å"The Boomer market will only grow in importance in coming years, as more boomer reach retirement age.† (p. 145). This is a trend that Kind should keep a close eye on and begin research and development in. Looking at Australia’s current family pattern Kotler, et al., (2010), states â€Å"smaller family sizes resulting from a desire to improve personal living standards, the increased number of women working outside the home†, (p. 141), supports the view that there is market for the mobile phone industry because the parents feel there is a security need to stay connected to their children. â€Å"For children aged 5-8 years, almost all of them (95%) used their mobile phone more to contact family† (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). This new group is otherwise referred to as â€Å"’tweens’ aged between six and 13.† (Downie & Glazebrook, 2007, p. 1). It must be noted that Kotler, et al., (2010) defines the tweens as aged between 10 and 14, regardless, this group is increasing in market share and are demonstrating a trend towards strong purchases of entertainment products. Added pressure is placed on parents by the tweens who have grown up accustom to consumerism and â€Å"are motivated by status and aesthetics in their purchasing decision.† (Downie & Glazebrook, 2007, p. 1). This trend may be met by the inter-changeability of mobile phone covers because they are an economical means of maintaining the tweens attention and status with their existing phones. An economical argument for parents to easily identify with and one which Kind can target. Kind has a product that appeals to a variety of demographic group for varying reasons. The youth group, often further defined as Generation X and Y demonstrate trends which Kind should consider when analysing their target market. Generation X is environmentally conscious, financially wary, value quality and is well educated, contributing to the growth in white-collar population significantly. Generation Y are technically savvy, communicate using mobile phone, email and chat rooms and have driven the â€Å"Markets for teens’ toys and games, clothes, furniture and food† (Kotler, et al., 2010, p. 144). Whilst they are often viewed as selfish, statistics support the fact that they are â€Å"a civic-minded generation with a conscience†, (McQueen, 2007, p. 43). â€Å"figures released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics which showed that in 2002, 28% of young people aged 18-24 had undertaken voluntary work in the previous 12 months†, (McQueen, 2007, p. 43). A response to these characteristics may be a marketing-mix which communicates the social conscious benefits of Kind’s products whilst promoting the professional business use it also contains and the interchange ability making the product fun, easily. Kind would be remiss to not target the civic-mindedness of Generation Y by setting up a charity fund or trade-in cover exchange that gives something back to the community. Given Kind’s target market is Australia wide, population changes between states is not really relevant. However, shifts between rural and urban areas should be considered given the Australia Bureau of Statistics (2010) reports increases in urban population and decline in rural populations, particularly those affected by drought. The relevance in this statistic is that more households with access to mobile phones are located in the metropolitan area, Australia Bureau of Statistics (2010). Economic In developed countries such as Australia, mobile phones are moving towards no longer being considered a luxury item and more one of necessity given the use of mobile phones as the preferred method of communication for generation Yers and white-collar Xers use as a business tool. The Bureau of Australian Statistics (2007) survey results have indicated a 7.7% growth in communications services each year on average with most of this attributed to the household use of mobile phone and internet services. This is relevant to the consumer spending habit in the current economic context which has affected income levels and household expenditure. â€Å"More recently, the global financial crisis has led to a sharp decline in demand for luxury products, as more people have become unemployed, or are unsure of their job security.† (Kotler, et al., 2010, p. 149). This is a win-win situation for a mobile phone cover manufacturer given that sales will continue at a steady rate or if people do decide to maintain an existing mobile phone, they will want to ensure that it is adequately protected to last longer or give it a new look, therefore the consumers spending pattern is less likely to alter for this kind of product. Natural Environment Kind creates a range of covers for all types of mobile phones which are recyclable and biodegradable which would place their products in a very favourable position from a pollutant perspective. â€Å"Some trend analysts believe that the decade after 2010 will be seen as the ‘Earth Decade’ and that protection of the natural environment will be the main worldwide issue facing business and the public.† (Kotler, et al., 2010, p. 151). Kind would be wise to examine their use of non-renewable resource they may use in the production of their products as well as the operations of their organisation. It is not just about the products they product being environmentally friendly, but the way in which they produce them as well. Knowing their carbon footprint and those within their supply and distribution chains would speak volumes. Even the way in which they market their products could be an opportunity to reinforce their green message, i.e. no use of print media in the marketing-mix. Kind has to also keep up with the issues affecting the mobile phone issues, such as the growing public concern of the mineral tantalum use in mobile phones. Research using Wikipedia (2010), reports that this is a product which is mined, with great affect on the natural environment. Exports of this mineral have been cited as helping to finance present-day civic conflict over areas in the Congo which are abundant in natural resources. Kind may find benefit in highlight the fact that the use of their product protects the longevity of a mobile phone, thus minimising the reliance on mining and people may actually view a purchase of this product as actually helping the people in Congo. Technological The fast pace of technological advance is probably the most challenging aspect to Kind’s products. Given the current variety of shapes and sizes of mobile phones in the market and the constant stream of new models, keeping up with this market requires Kind to be highly adaptable and have the ability to implement changes in products quickly. It may be savvy to target only the most popular makes and models dependant on the demographic being targeted. Political â€Å"The political environment consists of laws, government agencies and pressure groups that influence and limit various organisations and individuals in a given society.† (Kotler, et al., 2010, p. 155). Given that Kind is a manufacturing business, distributing Australia wide, they need to keep abreast of developments which may affect manufacturing and marketing throughout all the States and Territory. Kind will be required to ensure that any packaging they develop conforms with current legislation along with any competitions run Australia wide meet all the State laws on gaming and lotteries. Again, in with reference to the mobile phone industry, who are in media reports regarding concerns over public health risks from the radio waves they emit causing an uncommon form of brain tumour as discussed by Lavelle (2005), Kind could assign some research and development actions towards addressing a solution to these concerns. This could be view by consumers as dangerous positioning as they are actually agreeing with a pressure group that there is a risk and attacking the market that directly feeds them. Cultural â€Å"The cultural environment shows long-run trends towards the use of branded products as a means of self-expression, decreasing organisational loyalty, an increasing appreciation for nature, and a search for more meaningful and enduring values.† (Kotler, et al., 2010, p. 160). Kind produces products which fit this trend fantastically as long as they market their environmental and social conscience and continue to develop products which allow the consumer to express themselves. The cultural environment is made up of secondary beliefs. Central to societies need to communicate is the belief that they cannot do so unless they have a mobile phone. It could be argued that the secondary belief is that they have to look good and have the trendiest cover while they do it supported by Kotler, et al., (2010). â€Å"Many people use products, brands and services as a means of self-expression†, (p. 157). There may also be an opportunity for Kind to tap into the different subcultures as they are open to shifts in values and are impacted by popular activities. The possibilities are endless for Kind, in that if their organisation is highly adaptable, and new product lines can be easily implemented, they can keep pace with these subcultures. For example, monthly covers with the latest number one hit music artist on it. Kind can decide to take a proactive approach to the marketing and really build their products into something that shapes public opinion. As an example, the health risk on mobile phones and the potential for Kind to capitalise on providing a solution may seem risky but they are could make a real statement, leading the way and would be shaping the public opinion. Conclusion Kind’s analysis of target market has demonstrated that are a few areas demographically that hold value. These are the change in age structure with Baby Boomer demands on a solution for mobility and coordination issues, Gen X parents demanding to feel safer by being connected to their children, but notably highly influence in their purchasing decisions by the status and aesthetic tweens and finally the youth groups demanding to be socially networked via technology. Economic trends are not of great concern on these target markets as the need to communicate using mobile phones is demonstrating continued strong growth. The predicted trend towards the ‘Earth Decade’ being the main worldwide issue provides the greatest opportunity for Kind. Their marketing-mix, product range and company values are well positioned to maximise the benefits associated with this trend. Kind is in an industry that is at the forefront of technological advances and must pay close attention to ensure that they maintain connection meaning they may have to restrict their product line to only the most popular makes and models. Political and cultural trends on the health risks associated with mobile phones are a concern to the target market. However, the consumers appear to be remaining ignorant. This could be an opportunity for Kind, but the risks associated with this should be carefully researched before taking any action. The long-run trend towards an appreciation of nature and products being used to express ones self is primed for the products that Kind produces. Further supported by the secondary belief that people have to look good while they communicate using their phone is an almost perfect market for Kind’s products. The adaptability of Kind’s products and organisation can easily lend itself to different subcultures and any such changes within them. In summary, Kind’s value proposition, to provide a range of products that offer their customers socially responsible fun, feelings and functionality by being a customer-centred company, has a large potential market with what appears to be matched by an actual market. The key is to translate this into demand. References Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Measures of Australia’s Progress, Communication, Children and Mobile Phones, Australia. Cat. No. 1370.0. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1370.0~2010~Chapter~Children%20and%20mobile%20phones%20(4.8.5.3.2) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2003). Measures of a Knowledge-based Economy and Society, Australia, 2003. Cat. No. 1377.0. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/46d1bc47ac9d0c7bca256c470025ff87/817903E27C4FFBE0CA2571960017E512 Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2008-9. Cat. No. 3218.0. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/3218.0~2008-09~Main+Features~Main+Features?OpenDocument#PARALINK11 Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007). Australian Social Trends, Trends in Consumption. Cat. No. 4102.0. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/0485BB5550FE5799CA25732C00207C77 Downie, C. & Glazebrook, K. (2007), â€Å"Mobile phones and the consumer kids†, Australian Institute Research Paper, No. 41. Retrieved from https://www.tai.org.au/documents/downloads/WP97.pdf Kotler, Brown, Adam, Burton & Armstrong (2010), Marketing (8th Edition), Pearson Education, Sydney, NSW. Lavelle, P. (2005). â€Å"Mobile phone: a health risk?†, ABC Heath & Wellbeing, The Pulse. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/health/thepulse/stories/2005/01/27/1285335.htm McQueen, M. (2007). The ‘New’ rules of Engagement, Hyde Park Press, Richmond, SA. Wikipedia. (2010). Coltan. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coltan

Indian & European Relations in the 1600s Essay

Spain in North America 1560s: Spanish give up search for Indian gold. Focus on defending their empire from English (who were plundering treasure ships and Caribbean ports) and French Protestants (who began to settle in Florida though the Spanish had already claimed the land). Spanish establish fort at St. Augustine, Florida (1565) to protect route of the treasure fleet. They also massacre French Protestants. Raids by Native Americans wipe out military outposts and religious missions. 1573: The Comprehensive Order for New Discoveries says that missionaries, not conquistadors, have to pacify the land. Franciscan friars set up missions in Nuevo Mà ©xico (New Mexico) and attack Native Americans. Native Americans do forced labor. 1680: Popà © leads revolt, kills 400 Spaniards and forces remaining 1500 to flee to El Paso, and destroys Spanish missions (Pueblo Revolt of 1680). Spaniards return, Native Americans make a deal that lets them practice their own religion and end forced labor, but they have to help th e Spaniards. Outcome: Spanish fail to convert Native Americans, Santa Fe left vulnerable. In Florida, raids by English leave St. Augustine vulnerable. French in North America 1608: First permanent settlement, Quebec, is founded 1662: King Louis XIV turns New France into a royal colony, tries to get people to move there. Cannot get enough people. New France becomes an area for trading furs. Rise of the Iroquois: French introduce diseases that kill many Indians. Indians get guns from fur trade, which leads to war. The Five Iroquois Nations come out on top, have control of the fur trade in Quebec (with the French) and New Amsterdam (with the Dutch). French Jesuits try to win Indian converts. They do not exploit the Indians, and they come to understand their culture. They eventually win converts by adapting Christianity to the needs of the Indians. Outcome: Despite efforts of the Jesuits, French fur trade causes devastation through disease and loss of Indian culture. Iroquois warriors kill many, though they too are harmed: French burned their villages and killed many warriors in 1666 and again in 1690. Dutch in North America Dutch set up a fur-trading post (Fort Orange) along the Hudson River. West India Company has monopoly on the fur. Later, Dutch founded New Amsterdam and made it the capital of New Netherland. Colony didn’t thrive: small population made it vulnerable. Fort Orange succeeds as a peaceful and successful fur-trading post. Dutch near New Amsterdam are more aggressive towards Indians. 1640: war. After the war, West India Company ignores New Netherland, focuses on slave trade. 1664: Dutch fall under control of the English under the Duke of York 1673: Dutch assault momentarily recaptures the colony Edmund Andros takes control, in retaliation imposes English law and demands allegiance. Outcome: Dutch, who had once been dominant, are now a subject people. Chapter 6: Making War and Republican Governments (1776-1789) Patriots demand that colonists join Loyalist or Patriot side – cannot stay neutral. Patriots have advantage to get supporters b/c they control local governments. Patriots make army, and Patriots encouraged people to support the army by taking a more active role in govt. Character of politics changes when common people exert influence: democratic army launches age of republican revolution. Americans forced to retreat, Britain pushed back Americans into PA. When winter comes, Britain halts their campaign and Patriots catch them off guard, winning small victories. Armies and Strategies Howe doesn’t want to destroy Americans, just wants them to surrender and compromise. Howe cannot win decisive victory, Washington avoids defeat. Washington’s handicaps: Fights only defensively, has unfit recruits, Radical Whig Patriots believe army is threat to liberty. American Victory at Saratoga Britain’s goal: isolate New England North’s colonial secretary Germain’s plan: attack Albany from 3 sides. Burgoyne, St. Leger, and Howe will attack. Howe’s different plan: attack Philadelphia (home of Continental Congress), end rebellion w/ single victory. Howe uses his plan slowly. Continental Congress flees to PA’s interior. Howe’s slow attack directly leads to defeat of Burgoyne’s army. Burgoyne’s actions: fights, then stalls. Americans led by General Gates slows Burgoyne’s progress. Burgoyne’s army stuck in Saratoga, NY. Beaten back while trying to raid VT. Has troops w/drawn to help Howe. Meanwhile, Gates’ forces grow. October 1777: Burgoyne forced to surrender. Turning point of the war. Social and Financial Perils British naval blockade causes disruption in New England fishing industry, and British occupation causes decrease in domestic trade and manufacturing. People move out, decrease in population. Chesapeake colonies: blockade cuts tobacco exports. Short supply of goods = army starts getting supplies from the people. Women and Household Production Women: 1 Increase output of homespuns 2 Participate in farmwork Despite this, goods remain scarce and prices rise. War also created deprivation, displacement, and death. War divides communities b/c of Patriots’ violence. Financial Crisis State govts are weak, don’t create new taxes. Creation of fiat money, Continental Congress and colonies’ economies crumble. Valley Forge Starvation and sickness for Americans during the winter in Valley Forge, but Baron von Steuben raises morale. Continental army becomes tougher and better disciplined. The Path to Victory, 1778-1783 1778: Continental Congress allies w/ France. Alliance gives Continental Congress money, supplies, and later troops. Also confronts Britain w/ international war that challenges domination of Atlantic. The French Alliance Alliance starts w/ secret loan to colonies to avenge France’s loss of Canada to Britain. Later turns into a formal alliance. Negotiating the Treaty American diplomats ensure treaty specifies that French support cannot end until the United States is independent. Alliance revives colonies and Continental Congress. The British Response War is becoming unpopular in Britain. Some British support Americans and campaign for domestic reforms. George III initially committed to crushing rebellion, but after British defeat at Saratoga changes his mind. Tries to prevent American and French alliance (Parliament repeals Tea Act, Prohibitory acts, and renounces right to tax colonies). War in the South French and Spanish (who joined the war against Britain in 1779) agendas cause British to shift focus of the war to the South. Britain’s Southern Strategy British plan: 1 Focus on winning tobacco and rice colonies (VA, Carolinas, GA) then rely on local Loyalists to hold them 2 Exploit racial divisions between slaves and Patriot owners – get slaves to flee At first, British are winning. But tide turns. Dutch join fight against British. France dispatches troops to America Partisan Warfare in the Carolinas General Green fights in Carolinas. Fighting goes back and forth. Britain is weakened by this war of attrition, and British decide to give up Carolinas to Greene and focus on VA instead. Benedict Arnold and Conflicting Loyalties Benedict Arnold switched from American side to British side. Fights for George III in VA. Britain Defeated Washington and the French fleet surround Cornwallis and his troops on land. Cornwallis is outnumbered, cannot escape by sea. October 1781: Cornwallis surrenders in Yorktown The Patriot Advantage Why the Americans won the war: 1 Some British mistakes 2 Widespread Patriots in America 3 Many Americans support war through taxes and joining the militia 4 Patriots led by experienced politicians 5 George Washington Americans refuse to support British army, refuse to accept occupation by Loyalist forces, and endure the inflation caused by the war. Diplomatic Triumph Peace talks begin in 1782, but French and Spanish stall b/c they still hope for major naval victory or territorial conquest. Ignoring Treaty of Alliance, Americans sign a separate peace w/ the British. September 1783: Treaty of Paris. Great Britain recognizes independence of the colonies. Britain gets: 1 Canada 2 Rights for merchants to pursue legal claims for prewar debts 3 Americans will encourage state legislatures to return confiscated property to Loyalists and grant them citizenship America gets: 1 Great Lakes and land east of the Mississippi River 2 Fishing rights 3 Freedom of navigation on the Mississippi 4 British cannot seize property like slaves 1783: Treaty of Versailles – Britain makes peace w/ France and Spain Chapter 10: Creating Republican Institutions, 1776 – 1787 The State Constitutions: How Much Democracy? Many states had written state constitutions when the Continental Congress urged them to in 1776. The Rise of Popular Politics, 1820-1829 Expansion of the franchise = most democratic symbol of the Democratic Revolution. Gives ordinary men more power than anywhere else in the world. The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties American Revolution weakened the deferential society, but didn’t overthrow it. Wealthy notables still dominated the political system at first. 1810: Struggle to expand suffrage began. State legislatures grant broader voting rights to diffuse criticism and deter migration to the west. The new voters refused to support politicians that flaunted their high social status. Democratic politics is corrupt. Martin Van Buren: 1 Created political machine, the Albany Regency. 2 Patronage: gives government jobs to party members in return for their loyalty. (Spoils system) 3 Insists on party discipline, requires elected officials to follow dictates of the party caucus. The Election of 1824 Five candidates, all Republicans, campaigned for presidency. Jackson received most popular votes, but Adams won because Clay made a â€Å"corrupt bargain† with Adams, where Clay would vote Adams into presidency if he would become secretary of state. Presidency of John Quincy Adams: the last notable president Supports American System (protective tariffs, national bank, subsidized internal improvements) Resistance to the American System: southerners oppose protective tariffs because they raised the price of manufactures, and smallholders feared powerful banks that could force them into bankruptcy. Politicians oppose American System on constitutional grounds (for example, saying that the national government’s income couldn’t fund state improvement projects because those projects were the responsibility of the states). Southerners were also angry about the Tariff of 1828, which raised duties on raw materials and textiles. Southerners also dislike Adams’s pro-Indian policy. Jacksonian Impact 1 Expanded potential authority of President by identifying it with the voice of the people. 2 Upheld national authority by threatening use of military force, laying foundation for Lincoln’s later defense of the Union. 3 Reinvigorated Jeffersonian tradition of limited central government by undermining American System of national banking, protective tariffs, and internal improvements. 4 Undermined constitutional jurisprudence of Marshall by appointing Taney as Marshall’s successor. Taney partially reversed nationalist and property-rights decisions of Marshall. Example: In the case Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge Co. (1837), Taney says that a charter doesn’t necessarily bestow a monopoly, and a legislature could charter competition (in this case, a competing bridge co.) to help the public. This decision directly challenges what Marshall said in the Dartmouth College v. Woodward case, where Marshall stresses the binding nature of a contract by saying that a state cannot invalidate a contract. Other cases that place limits on Marshall’s nationalistic interpretations by enhancing role of state governments: Mayor of New York v. Miln (1837): New York state can use â€Å"police power† to inspect health of immigrants. Briscoe v. Bank of Kentucky (1837): When it issues currency, a bank owned by the Kentucky doesn’t violate the provision of the Constitution that prohibits states from issuing â€Å"bills of credit.† As a result of the Taney Court’s decisions, the role of state governments in commerce was greatly enhanced. 5 States write new constitutions that extend democracy, many of which introduce classical liberalism (laissez-faire). Laissez-faire says the government role in the economy should be limited.

buy custom MRSA essay

buy custom MRSA essay Methicillins of these antibiotics include methicillin as well as other common antibiotics including penicillin, oxacillin and amoxicillin. MRSA is also known as multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In clinical settings, MRSA complications are often presented by episodic skin infections (CDC, 2011). The first section of this investigative report provides a brief description of the cause of the condition, the mode of transmission, stages of the condition, signs and symptoms of MRSA. The second part of the report will explain why healthcare associated infections such as MRSA occur and will analyse the infection control measures, which should be followed in cases of healthcare associated infection.Causes, Modes of Transmission, Stages, Signs and Symptoms of MRSACauses The genetic elements, known as plasmids, capable of being transferred from one bacterium to another have been identified to offer S. aureus resistance to a number of beta-lactam antibiotics. Scientists have been able to identify at least five types of plasmids, SCCmec genes 1-V, where hospital acquired MRSA genes range from 1-III and community acquired MRSA genes range from IV-V (CDC, 2011). Hospital acquired MRSA have been proven to show resistance to more antibiotics compared to community acquired MRSA. Modes of Transmission MRSA is easily transmitted through direct contact with body fluids and skin of infected individuals. Indirectly, MRSA is transmitted through sharing diapers, towels and toys with infected individuals. Carriers of this disease have MRSA in their throats, noses and skins but show no symptoms and can transmit the infection to healthy individuals (Mahmood, Tahir, Jameel et al, 2010). Stages, Signs and Symptoms MRSA starts out as a small and simple rash but later forms clusters of pimple-like rashes and burns throughout the body (CDC, 2011). The rashes continue to spread and the quality of living of patients with MRSA is compromised. At this stage, the disease is very contagio us and skin contacts with infected individuals will ultimately lead to transmission to healthy subjects. The Center for Disease Control identifies skin lesions and bumps to be the early symptoms of MRSA. These early lesions may appear like a spider bite and the infected region can be swollen, painful and red in colour or can be filled with pus. In advanced stages, MRSA can lead to life-threatening infections such as surgical site infections, bloodstream infections and pneumonia. Advanced skin infections may be presented as boils or pustules which may appear red, swollen and often painful. Skin infections mainly occur at the buttocks, groin, neck, beard region of men and the armpits (California Department of Public Health, 2010).Why and How Healthcare Associated Infections Such as MRSA Occur Healthcare-associated infections are common in hospital settings and patients develop the infections during the period when they are receiving treatment for other infections. Infections such as M RSA can occur when patients are in the course of receiving treatments in hospitals, dialysis centre, outpatient surgery centres, long-term care facilities like rehabilitation centres, nursing homes and community clinics (California Department of Public Health, 2010). These infections may also occur when patients are in the process of receiving home-care treatments. Healthcare-associated MRSA may occur through cuts and wounds made during surgical operations or even through medical devices, which are inserted into the body such as IV drips or catheters. In general, healthcare-associated MRSA occurs mainly due to the invasive procedures and transmission from infected patients to healthy individuals. The risk of MRSA infections has been known to increase among patients with compromised immune systems such as those with HIV/AIDS infections and those receiving organ transplant.Infection Control Measures Which Should be followed in Cases of Healthcare-Associated InfectionsPrevention of MRS A The CDC has provided recommendations for the prevention of healthcare-associated MRSA infections. According to the CDC, all wounds must be bandaged since staph infections are commonly transferred via the areas on the body that have scrapes or cuts. It is also recommended that good hygiene practices such as frequent hand washing are to be followed. Although good hygiene may be recommended for the prevention of MRSA, this intervention may only be successful on the settings such as schools, correctional facilities, athletic facilities and healthcare settings (CDC, 2011).Treatment of MRSA While MRSA has proved to be resilient to a number of antibiotics, treatment of MRSA patients with vancomycin has provided positive results in managing cases of MRSA (CDC, 2011). Other treatment options include teicoplanin, teigecycline and linezolid (Mahmood, Tahir, Jameel et al, 2010). However, such medications should never be adopted as empirical therapies, as there are still chances that other str ains of Staphylococcus aureus will soon develop resistance to these antibiotics and even to all other classes of antibiotics. In less severe cases of MRSA infections, doctors may also try to avoid the infections by first draining the pus from the sores of patients. This will prevent further infection complications and improve the general condition of the patients. Buy custom MRSA essay

Health care marketing techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health care marketing techniques - Essay Example Initially the health care marketing was using mass media marketing approach to reach the customers where uniform messages were provided to the general public. This was the era, ‘all things to all people’. This is done through television, radio and internet. But gradually the health professionals learned that this was not an efficient means of reaching the potential customers. They started to adopt the more targeted approaches to get better potential customers. As the marketing of health care become more accepted, they jumped on the marketing of health care organizations. The most well known hospital’s was emphasized and marketed its image rather than the services. They focused on the infrastructure and reputation of the organization. But this era of hospital marketing was also not realistic. Hospital marketing was considered fundamentally different from the product and service marketing. Then the health care marketing targeted on specific audience. They started em phasizing the service marketing. A specific service is provided for the particular needed audience. Marketing communication is to attract more patients’ volume by promoting high expectations. But only when the patient expects better experience, better confidence, better outcomes and strong basis for preferring one provider over another. Thus, marketing communication often promise or provide hints at better experience or outcomes. In the consumer driven market, the quality and safety issues are informed. The consumers are not making purchase once a year they choose a health plan for every day and they have a lot for choice. They want to gather maximum information about the product or services with the quality and cost. They take the suggestions of the third party and evaluate it. It’s the ability of the company to provide maximum information about the product or service. They

Consuming Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consuming Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Consuming Fashion" discovers the fashion consuming. The lifestyle of the baby boomers is unique, they like saving less and consuming more of what they get. In other words, the spending power of the baby boomer generation is considerable compared to the other generation. Baby boomers choice and spending on fashion in the future are largely influenced by their demographics, psychographic and their lifestyle behavior. Retailers have more opportunities in relation to the baby boomer generation, because they are high consumers than the other generations. Baby boomers (post-war baby boomers) were born between 1945 and 1954, and they have brought considerable social change in Britain especially in the consumption area. Macunovich 2000 (1) defines baby boomers as those individuals born between the years 1946 and 1964 in the United States. The group has come under intense scrutiny because of the public perceptions that they will put more pressure on financial and public services. T hey are also under intense scrutiny because they are thought to be a radical and liberal generation who are transforming everything in the society that comes their way. Baby boomers generation is considered to be the first teenagers; this is because they represent the affluent consumer society. Baby boomers are very diverse in nature\, and since they have some degree of experiences in social change, they differ greatly on education, class, and wealth. The status of their education views them as boomers.

How Google's Social Network Changes Everything Essay

How Google's Social Network Changes Everything - Essay Example This paper illustrates the main reason for the rampant growth of Google+ as the added features in this social networking site that lack in others such as the map to view the location of the site, it helps Google serve ads better which are good for exposure of businesses hence attracting many businesses and marketers. It is also integrated into other Google products such as Gmail and YouTube hence exposing it further and increasing the chances of people connecting with others without having to struggle to search for them. The rise is also brought about by the fact that it belongs to Google which is the most used search engine hence increasing its growth and success rate. It, however, has its downside and which have contributed to it not surpassing the capacity and fame of facebook. Its sharing rate is way lower than of Facebook and it has problems with making its users stay on the site hence the large difference between the registered and active users. Most are forced to use it becaus e of its connections with other Google products but it does not mean they will stay active. The fact that whatever photo anyone registered to the site uploads automatically goes to the site and can be seen by others even without sharing is sometimes a downside of the site. Many people also do not really understand its features and hence fail to use it regularly. For businesses that market in Google+, they risk not sustaining their customers as people are rarely active on this social media site. They log in in spurts and this will be the case even with the growth of the business. With its low sharing power and ability as compared to Facebook, people will also share less about the businesses and the products in Google+.

Vidoe analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vidoe analyze - Essay Example The Maori people, a minority group from New Zealand, use tribal tattoos not only as a form of identity, but also as a show of one’s social status in the society. According to them, ones Moko designs improved one’s stature and indicated their shift in status quo. On the utmost point, the Moko designs also declared the holy nature of leadership as performed by the elders (Ellis 185). Maori health tattoos were used to maintain ones youthful nature, especially girls would tattoo their chin and lips so that incase ones eyesight would fail at any point, he/she would repeat the tattooing again in order to see well. According to the two YouTube videos I have watched, the Maori people are proud of who they are and are glad that the Moko designs are now widely spreading. For instance, vacationers visit the area to see them and learn more about the tattoos. Although it had started dying by the coming of the church and Christianity, it has been resurrected by those proud of the culture and the women are trying to uphold it by educating their children and grandchildren about the Moko and the beliefs of the Maori (Ellis 175). They say it identifies you and people need not ask who you are, where you come from and what language you speak anymore. They are proud of themselves and the sense of satisfaction that comes with being a Maori. They even insist the Tatau and Moko designs have created a spirit of unity and brotherhood in them as it gives them a sense of belonging and sweeps away the fear that they have been concealed as a minority. In my own opinion, I feel that since the Moko are used as an identity mark, the non-Maoris should not be allowed to get the Moko because it is a tribal tattoo and only the Maoris have the right to their specific patterns and art forms. Besides, although most non-Maoris are getting the Mokos on their bodies and

Role of Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Human Error

Role of Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Human Error Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Cognitive Therapy and Human Error Automatic Subsystem Attentional Subsystem Conclusion Bibliography Q: As a Cognitive psychologist, how could you help reduce human error either at work, on the roads, or at home? Word Count: 1819  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­_____________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Human error is evident is all areas of human involvement, and may differ vastly in terms of the seriousness of the outcome. A typing error, for example, is easily corrected with no harm to anyone; however, an error in a medical procedure may have more damaging consequences for both the patient and the medical practitioner. Reason (2000) identifies two main approaches to human error namely the system approach and the person approaches. The system approach maintains that human error is inevitable, but reviews it as a consequence of larger, systemic problems. The person approach, which is largely the more popular, views error as, arising primarily from aberrant mental processes such as forgetfulness, inattention, poor motivation, carelessness, negligence, and recklessness (Reason, 2000: 768). In his essay, Reason (2000) suggests that there be a movement toward a system approach to human error, arguing that the human condition is not changeable, yet the conditions under which they work a re. The following essay will consider the role of cognitive therapy in reducing human error. Focusing on two main areas of research: cognition and behaviour. This will be followed by a conclusion of findings. 2. Cognitive Therapy and Human Error Aaron Beck is the founder of Cognitive Therapy (CT) and in this approach he proposes that our feelings, thoughts and behaviours are all interlinked, and that thought and behaviour changes, will result in feelings being transformed (Sanders Wills, 2006). Therefore, Cognitive Therapists make use of behavioural experiments and target cognitions in order to bring about cognitive, emotional and behavioural strategies. This understanding of CT and the methods used by Cognitive Therapists becomes increasingly relevant to the theory of human error when considered in the backdrop of The Emerging Model of Cognitions presented by Panko (1997). The Emerging Model of Cognitions (Panko, 1997) highlights the interplay between three subsystems, namely: the automatic subsystem, the attentional subsystem and the environment, and each of these systems impact on the cultivation and execution of a plan. The automatic subsystem includes schemata (sets of information and response patterns) that are below the level of consciousness. These schemata are triggered by a specific stimulus, which elicits a patterned response. Panko (1997) gives the example of speech, which involves a number of complex processes, or schemata, which we are not conscious of, but results in the patterned response of speech. Error will sometimes occur when a situation arises for which there is no existing patterned response (schemata). In such a situation, a schema that has been activated in a similar situation is then activated, resulting in occasional error. The second subsystem described by Panko (1997) is the attentional subsystem. This subsystem involves log ical and attentional thought, which, like the automatic subsystem, is also built on schematic organisation. According to Panko (1997) error rooted in the attentional subsystem can be largely attributed to lay theories. This researcher explains that, Even after people receive training in specific areas, such as physics, they often revert to lay theories afterward†¦lay theories are schemata that we have developed over many years. They are very likely to produce errors when we model situations (Planko, 1997: ¶16). Finally, the environment is the third subsystem indicated by Planko (1997). According to this researcher, the planning and execution of an action is in constant play with the environment. Plans are fed back to the environment, and are then adjusted accordingly. When the environment is a buzz of information and stimulus, thus confusing the schema, unexpected results can occur. From this model, the following causes of human error can be identified. Firstly, disruption to the automatic subsystem, as a result of the ill matching of schema to an unknown situation. Secondly, disruption to the attentional subsystem, by reverting to lay theories, and finally, the environmental impact, where it is understood as influencing the formation of schema. This model brings to the forefront the idea that, to a large degree, human error can be understood as being rooted in cognitive and behavioral mishaps. Cognitive therapy may be employed to help reduce these errors by tackling the automatic and attentional subsystems presented in the model. 2.1 Automatic Subsystem Cognitive Therapy explains the working of schema, defining it as a relatively enduring, deep cognitive structure that organizes the principles of giving appraisal and meaning to experiences, especially in relation to rules of living, with regards to self, others and the world (Sanders Wills, 2006: 147). An event schema, or cognitive script, involves processes and practices of approach tasks and problems. These ways of processing are behaviorally oriented and triggered by certain stimulus (Scholl, 2002). Such schema are constructed either directly, through repeated a process a number of times, or indirectly through movies, role models and stories (Scholl, 2002). Scholl (2002:  ¶4) identifies two distinct methods of data processing. Data-driven or stimulus-driven processing occurs when no schema exist form which to process information. The individual examines all information and proceeds through a careful decision making process. Schema-driven processing occurs when an individual responds to a stimulus (decision making or problem solving situation) by evoking a programmed response or behavior script (schema). This is done without extensive data collection or analysis. According to Scholl (2002) error is more likely to occur when an individual has a rigid schema. In this instance, an individual, despite the in information provided, uses the same schema to respond to similar situations and no longer makes a distinction between them. The results in inaccurate decision making and errors occur. Such error can be seen to occur, for example, on the road. An individual with a rigid schema may have his or her problem solving diminished when confronted by a faulty traffic light. Instead of considering the unique information, he or she responds as if it where a normal functioning light, resulting in an accident. Cognitive therapy, by means of schema therapy and challenging core beliefs attempts to loosen and change some of the enduring schema. 2.2 Attentional Subsystem As previously described, disruption to the attentional subsystem occurs when a person reverts their attention to a particular thought. From this it can be understood that, despite having a variety of options available, thinking because inflexible and rigid. A person may even be said to have become fixated. One such lay theory may be seen in the form of excessive worry. Worry is a type of negative intrusive thought, which tends to distract the worrier from the task at hand. For example, a person new to their job, having undergone and successfully completed the necessary training, may become anxious on starting their job. This would be further compounded by such worrisome thoughts of, I am not good enough, I know that I will make a mistake, when I make a mistake I will be fired. This talk is the lay theory they have about themselves and their competence. This negative self-talk interferes with the brain processes necessary for completing the task, and error occurs. Shearer and Gordon ( 2006) give reference to a number of cognitive behavioral strategies that can be employed for the reduction of worry, including repeatedly challenging the worry process, experiments of behavioral exposure and mindfulness based meditation. Another approach offered by cognitive therapy for confronting such patterns of thought is that of Attentional Training. Wells and Papageorgiou are the founders of Attentional Training and describe it as a way of decreasing the fixed focus (which is typically self-focus) and allow for more flexibility in thought (Sanders and Wills, 2006). Harvey, Watkins, Mansell, and Shafran (2004: 67) describe the process involved in Attentional Training: The therapy is divided into several stages: The therapist first provides a clear rationale for why reducing or interrupting self-focused processing may aid recovery. The patient is asked to fixate on a visual stimulus (e.g. a mark on the wall) and then to focus attention for several moments on each of a series of different sounds (therapists voice, tapping, clock). The patient is instructed to exclusively focus on each sound alone. The patient shifts their attention rapidly between the sets of sounds. The patient attends simultaneously to all of the sounds, trying to be aware of as many sounds as possible. Through this process a person preoccupied by worrisome thoughts, learns to attend to more than one stimulus, and is thus able to shift there attention when these thoughts arise. Conclusion This essay explored and discussed the phenomenon of human error, the processes involved in human error and the possible negative outcomes when human error occurs. This included a range of problem outcomes, from relatively harmless to far more damaging ones. Two prominent theories of human error where identified, namely the system and person approaches. Working from the person approach, The Emerging Model of Cognition provided a framework from which to consider the role of cognitions in human error. This model highlighted the role of cognitive therapy in helping to reduce human error. Schema Therapy was identified as an effective method for helping to make rigid schema more flexible, thereby freeing the individual to be able to consider a larger variety of options before acting. Attentional Training was identified as a method for approaching unconscious schema in the attentional subsystem. This approach in cognitive therapy trains the individual to attend to more than one stimulus. Th is allows the individual to be less distracted by intrusive thoughts, such as worry, and attend to the task at hand. Cognitive therapy is an increasingly popular option for psychological therapy. Interventions using this approach have shown long lasting effects, and reduce the possibility of relapse. Cognitive therapy has been developed for a large range of problems from panic and anxiety disorders to eating problems and hallucinations. It is also applied in a range of settings from mental health to life coaching (Sanders Wills, 2006). This essay has pointed to two ways in which cognitive therapy can be useful in helping reduce the occurrence of human error. Bibliography Harvey, A., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., Shafran, R. (2004). Cognitive Behavioural Processes Across Psychological Disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. Oxford University Press. Panko, R.R. (1997). Theories of Human Error. Retrieved on March 1st, 2007, from  http://panko.cba.hawaii.edu/HumanErr/Theory.htm. Reason, J. (2000). Human error: Models and management. British Medical Journal,  320, 768-770. Sanders, D., Wills, F. (2006). Cognitive Therapy: An introduction. London: Sage. Scholl, R.W. (2002). Social Cognition and Cognitive Schema. Retrieved on May 3, 2007, from http://www.uri.edu/research/lrc/scholl/Notes/Cognitive_Schema.htm. Shearer, S, Gordon, L. (2006). The patient with excessive worry. American Family Physician, 73, 1045-1056.

Reasons to End Social Poisoning on the Internet Essay -- Censorship Cy

Reasons to End Social Poisoning on the Internet [NOTE: Many of the links the student refers to are no longer active.] While spreading the word of knowledge to the masses, the internet simultaneously dispenses social poisons. Many of the recipients are, unfortunately, children, and despite the American policy of free-speech, this kind of unintentional inculcation must stop. One of the problems lies in the fact that the right to criticize and the right to display "poisonous" material are one in the same: The Right of Freedom of Speech. But should a clear and present danger to social health take priority over the rights of an individual? Does the individual even have power? In Digital Literacy, Paul Gilster observes that "A global web of communications... points to a viruslike spread of ideas" (Gilster 27). Should society protect its youth from this "viruslike spread" by regulating content on the internet? These questions are tough to answer, but this paper will address them, introduce a socially harmful hate site, and reveal why society needs to be rid of the poison on the internet. One of the problems with social contemplation on this subject, though, is that this situation is relatively unknown to history. Though the power structure of the internet has been compared to centralized government, decentralized government and social anarchy, Jess Holbrook, in a discussion on November 24, accurately cited the internet as being "unlike anything else we’ve ever seen." So perhaps time should be taken to evaluate the effects of the internet on not just the nation’s youth, but the nation in general. While the evaluation is taking place, the presence of these social poisons on the internet must be recognized. The American Nazi ... ... real life himself, only the former is readily available to children. There needs to be a body which regulates the poison on the internet and makes it safe for the child to "surf the net." Not all sites on the internet are terrifying and problematic. But imagine a black child, whose ancestors survived the slave trade, coming across the American Nazi Party site, and "learning" that they are evil because of their skin color. No child should be exposed to this. Works Cited - Bolter, David Jay. Writing Space; The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hillsdale, New Jersey; 1991. - Gilster, Paul. Digital Literacy. Wiley Computer Publishing. New York. - Hall III, William B. "American Nazi Party." 28 November 1998. 5 December 1998 <http://home.earthlink.net/~wbhall/>. - Landow, George P. Hypertext 2.0. Johns Hopkins.